He mea noa ngā waka hiko i runga i ō tātou rori i ēnei rā, ā, kei te hangaia ngā hanganga utu huri noa i te ao hei whakamahi mā rātou. He rite tonu ki te hiko i te teihana penehīni, ā, e kore e roa ka kitea i ngā wāhi katoa.
Heoi, ka ara ake tētahi pātai whakamere. Ka ringihia noa e ngā papu hau te wai ki roto i ngā kōhao, ā, kua roa te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei paerewa. Kāore tēnei i te āhua i te ao o ngā rihi EV, nō reira me keri tātou ki te āhua o nāianei o te kēmu.
Kua tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau waka hiko mai i tōna rongonuitanga i roto i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei. Nā te mea he iti tonu te whānuitanga o te nuinga o ngā waka hiko, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaihanga waka ngā waka tere ake te utu i roto i ngā tau hei whakapai ake i te whaihua. Ka tutuki tēnei mā te whakapai ake i te pākahiko, ngā taputapu me ngā pūmanawa o te kaiwhakahaere. Kua neke whakamua te hangarau utu ki te wāhi ka taea e ngā waka hiko hou te tāpiri i ngā rau maero o te tawhiti i roto i te 20 meneti noa iho.
Heoi, he nui te hiko e hiahiatia ana hei utu i tētahi waka hiko i tēnei tere. Nō reira, kua mahi ngā kaihanga waka me ngā rōpū ahumahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa utu hou hei tuku i te iahiko teitei ki ngā pākahiko waka tino pai i te wā e taea ai.
Hei aratohu, ka taea e tētahi putanga hiko kāinga noa i te US te tuku i te 1.8 kW. E 48 hāora, neke atu rānei, te roa hei utu i tētahi waka hiko hou mai i tētahi putanga hiko kāinga pēnei.
He rerekē, ka taea e ngā tauranga utu EV hou te kawe i tetahi mea mai i te 2 kW ki te 350 kW i ētahi wā, ā, me whai hononga tino motuhake hei mahi i tēnā. Kua puta ake ngā paerewa maha i roto i ngā tau i te mea e titiro ana ngā kaihanga motuka ki te wero i te kaha ake ki roto i ngā waka i ngā tere tere ake. Me titiro tātou ki ngā kōwhiringa tino noa i ēnei rā.
I whakaputaina te paerewa SAE J1772 i te marama o Hune 2001, ā, e mōhiotia ana ko te J Plug. Ka tautoko te hononga 5-pine i te utu AC kotahi-wāhanga i te 1.44 kW ina honoa ki tētahi putanga hiko whare paerewa, ka taea te whakanui ake ki te 19.2 kW ina tāutahia ki tētahi teihana utu waka hiko tere-teitei. Ka tukuna e tēnei hononga te mana AC kotahi-wāhanga ki runga i ngā waea e rua, ngā tohu ki runga i ētahi atu waea e rua, ā, ko te tuarima he hononga whenua tiaki.
I muri i te tau 2006, ka noho ko te J Plug te tikanga mō ngā waka hiko katoa e hokona ana i California, ā, ka tere te rongonui i te US me Hapani, me te urunga atu ki ētahi atu mākete o te ao.
Ko te hononga Momo 2, e mōhiotia ana hoki e tōna kaihanga, te kaihanga Tiamana a Mennekes, i whakaarohia tuatahitia i te tau 2009 hei whakakapi mō te SAE J1772 a te EU. Ko tōna āhuatanga matua ko tōna hoahoa hononga 7-pine ka taea te kawe i te hiko AC kotahi-wāhanga, toru-wāhanga rānei, e āhei ai te utu i ngā waka tae atu ki te 43 kW. I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā rihi Momo 2 e eke ana ki te 22 kW, iti iho rānei. He rite ki te J1772, e rua hoki ōna pine mō ngā tohu i mua i te whakaurunga me muri i te whakaurunga. Kātahi ka whai whenua tiaki, he koretake me ngā kaiārahi e toru mō ngā wāhanga AC e toru.
I te tau 2013, i whiriwhiria e te Kotahitanga o Ūropi ngā mono Momo 2 hei paerewa hou hei whakakapi i te J1772 me ngā hononga EV Plug Alliance Momo 3A me 3C mō ngā tono utu AC. Mai i taua wā, kua whānuitia te whakaaetia o te hononga i te mākete Ūropi, ā, kei te wātea hoki i roto i te maha o ngā waka o te ao.
Ko te CCS te tikanga mō te Combined Charging System, ā, e whakamahi ana i tētahi hononga "combo" hei tuku i te utunga DC me te AC. I tukuna i te Oketopa 2011, kua hangaia te paerewa hei tuku i te whakatinanatanga ngāwari o te utunga DC tere-teitei i roto i ngā waka hou. Ka taea tēnei mā te tāpiri i tētahi takirua o ngā ara iahiko DC ki te momo hononga AC o nāianei. E rua ngā momo matua o te CCS, te hononga Combo 1 me te hononga Combo 2.
Kei te Combo 1 he hononga AC Momo 1 J1772 me ngā kaiārahi DC nui e rua. Nō reira, ka taea te hono i tētahi waka me te hononga CCS Combo 1 ki te rihi J1772 mō te utu AC, ki te hononga Combo 1 rānei mō te utu DC tere-teitei. He pai tēnei hoahoa mō ngā waka i te mākete o Amerika, kua noho noa ngā hononga J1772.
Kei roto i ngā hononga Combo 2 he hononga Mennekes e honoa ana ki ngā ara iahiko DC nui e rua. Mō te mākete Pākehā, mā tēnei ka taea te utu i ngā waka he hononga Combo 2 ki te AC kotahi, ki te AC toru-wāhanga rānei mā te hononga Momo 2, mā te utu tere DC rānei mā te hono atu ki te hononga Combo 2.
Mā te CCS ka taea te utu hiko AC ki te paerewa o te hononga-iti J1772, Mennekes rānei kua hangaia ki roto i te hoahoa. Heoi, ina whakamahia mō te utu tere DC, ka taea te utu tere uira tae atu ki te 350 kW.
He mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te rihi tere DC me te hononga Combo 2 ka whakakore i te hononga ā-wāhanga AC me te kore e hiahiatia i roto i te hononga. Ka waiho e te hononga Combo 1 kia noho tonu, ahakoa kāore e whakamahia. E whakawhirinaki ana ngā hoahoa e rua ki ngā pine tohu kotahi e whakamahia ana e te hononga AC hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te waka me te rihi.
Hei tētahi o ngā kamupene matua i te ao waka hiko, i tīmata a Tesla ki te hoahoa i āna ake hononga utu hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o āna waka. I whakarewahia tēnei hei wāhanga o te whatunga Supercharger a Tesla, e whai ana ki te hanga i tētahi whatunga utu tere hei tautoko i ngā waka a te kamupene me te iti, te kore rānei o tētahi atu hanganga.
Ahakoa e whakarato ana te kamupene i ana waka ki ngā hononga Momo 2, CCS rānei i Ūropi, i te US, e whakamahi ana a Tesla i tana ake paerewa tauranga utu. Ka taea e ia te tautoko i te utu AC kotahi-wāhanga me te utu toru-wāhanga, me te utu DC tere-teitei i ngā teihana Tesla Supercharger.
Ko ngā teihana Supercharger taketake a Tesla i whakarato i te 150 kilowati mō ia motuka, engari ko ngā tauira iti-mana mō ngā tāone i muri mai he iti iho te rohenga o te 72 kilowati. Ka taea e ngā rihi hou a te kamupene te tuku i te 250 kW o te mana ki ngā waka e tika ana te taputapu.
I tukuna te paerewa GB/T 20234.3 e te Whakahaere Paerewa o Haina, ā, e kapi ana i ngā hononga e taea ai te utu tere AC me te DC kotahi-wāhanga i te wā kotahi. Kāore i te tino mōhiotia i waho o te mākete EV ahurei o Haina, e whakatauhia ana kia mahi i te 1,000 volts DC me te 250 amps me te utu i ngā tere tae atu ki te 250 kilowatts.
Kāore pea koe e kite i tēnei tauranga i runga i tētahi waka kāore i hangaia ki Haina, i hangaia mō te mākete o Haina ake, mō ngā whenua rānei he hononga hokohoko tata ki a ia.
Ko te hoahoa tino whakamere pea o tēnei tauranga ko ngā pine A+ me A-. Kua whakatauria ēnei mō ngā ngaohiko tae atu ki te 30 V me ngā iahiko tae atu ki te 20 A. E whakaahuatia ana ēnei i roto i te paerewa hei "mana āwhina ngaohiko iti mō ngā waka hiko e tukuna ana e ngā rihi o waho o te papa".
Kāore i te mārama i roto i te whakamāoritanga he aha te mahi tuturu a ēnei, engari tera pea i hangaia hei āwhina i te tīmata i tētahi waka hiko me te pākahiko kua mate rawa. Ina pau te pākahiko kukume o te EV me te pākahiko 12V, ka uaua pea te utu i te waka nā te mea kāore e taea e ngā hiko o te waka te ara ake me te kōrero ki te rihi. Kāore hoki e taea te whakakaha i ngā hononga hei hono i te waeine kukume ki ngā pūnaha iti o te waka. Ko ēnei pine e rua pea i hangaia hei whakarato i te kaha e tika ana hei whakahaere i ngā hiko taketake o te waka me te whakakaha i ngā hononga kia taea ai te utu i te pākahiko kukume matua ahakoa kua mate rawa te waka. Mena kei te mōhio koe ki tēnei, tēnā koa whakamōhio mai ki a mātou i roto i ngā korero.
He paerewa hononga a CHAdeMO mō ngā waka hiko hiko (EV), ko te nuinga mō ngā tono utu tere. Ka taea e ia te tuku i te 62.5 kW mā roto i tana hononga ahurei. Koinei te paerewa tuatahi i hangaia hei whakarato utu tere DC mō ngā waka hiko (ahakoa te kaihanga) ā, he pine pahi CAN hei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te waka me te rihi.
I whakaarohia te paerewa mō te whakamahinga ā-ao i te tau 2010 me te tautoko a ngā kaihanga motuka Hapanihi. Heoi, ko Hapani anake te wāhi i tino rongonui ai te paerewa, ā, i piri tonu a Ūropi ki te Momo 2 me te US e whakamahi ana i te J1772 me ngā hononga a Tesla. I tētahi wā, i whakaarohia e te EU te whakakore katoa i ngā rihi CHAdeMO, engari i te mutunga ka whakatau kia whai "i te iti rawa" ngā hononga Momo 2, Combo 2 rānei ngā teihana utu.
I te marama o Mei 2018, i pānuitia he whakahoutanga hototahi-whakamuri, e āhei ai ngā rihi CHAdeMO ki te tuku i te mana tae atu ki te 400 kW, e hipa ana i ngā hononga CCS i te mara. E kite ana ngā kaitautoko o CHAdeMO i tōna mauri hei paerewa kotahi o te ao, kaua hei rerekētanga i waenga i ngā paerewa CCS o te US me te EU. Heoi, kāore i kitea he maha ngā hoko i waho o te mākete Hapanihi.
Kua whanakehia te paerewa CHAdeMo 3.0 mai i te tau 2018. Ko ChaoJi tōna ingoa, ā, kei roto ko tētahi hoahoa hononga 7-pine hou i whakawhanakehia i te mahi tahi me te Whakahaere Paerewa o Haina. Ko te tumanako kia whakapiki ake i te tere utu ki te 900 kW, kia whakahaerehia i te 1.5 kV, kia tukuna hoki te 600 amps katoa mā te whakamahi i ngā taura whakamatao-wai.
I a koe e pānui ana i tēnei, tera pea ka murua tō whakaaro ahakoa kei hea koe e taraiwa ana i tō EV hou, he maha ngā paerewa utu rerekē e rite ana ki te whakararuraru i a koe. He waimarie, ehara i te mea koinā te āhua. He uaua ki te nuinga o ngā mana whakahaere te tautoko i tētahi paerewa utu kotahi, engari ka whakakorehia te nuinga o ētahi atu, ā, ko te mutunga iho he hototahi te nuinga o ngā waka me ngā rihi i tētahi rohe. Ko te tikanga, he rerekē a Tesla i te US, engari he whatunga utu motuhake anō tā rātou.
Ahakoa kei reira ētahi tāngata e whakamahi ana i te rihi hiko hē i te wāhi hē i te wā hē, ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i tētahi momo urutau ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka piri te nuinga o ngā EV hou ki te momo rihi hiko kua whakatūria ki roto i ō rātou rohe hokohoko, kia māmā ake ai te oranga mō te katoa.
Ko te paerewa utu whānui inaianei ko te USB-C
Me utu katoa mā te whakamahi i te USB-C, kāore he okotahi. Ki taku whakaaro he mono EV 100KW, he huinga noa iho o ngā hononga USB C 1000 e piri ana ki roto i tētahi mono e rere whakarara ana. Mā ngā rauemi tika, ka taea pea e koe te pupuri i te taumaha i raro i te 50 kg (110 lb) kia māmā ai te whakamahi.
He maha ngā PHEV me ngā waka hiko ka taea te tō tae atu ki te 1000 pauna, nō reira ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi tauaru hei kawe i tō raina urutau me ngā kaitahuri. Kei te hoko hoki a Peavey Mart i ngā genny i tēnei wiki mēnā he rau ngā GVWR kei te toe.
I Ūropi, kāore ngā arotake o te Momo 1 (SAE J1772) me te CHAdeMO e aro nui ki te meka kua whakauruhia ēnei hononga ki te Nissan LEAF me te Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, e rua o ngā waka hiko tino hokohoko.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ēnei hononga, ā, kāore e memeha haere. Ahakoa he hototahi te Momo 1 me te Momo 2 i te taumata tohu (e āhei ai te taura Momo 2 ki te Momo 1 ka taea te wetewete), kāore a CHAdeMO me CCS i te hototahi. Kāore he tikanga tūturu a LEAF mō te utu mai i te CCS.
Ki te kore e taea e te taputapu utu tere te whakamahi i te CHAdeMO, ka tino whakaaro ahau ki te hoki ki te motuka ICE mō te haerenga roa, me te pupuri i taku LEAF mō te whakamahinga ā-rohe anake.
He Outlander PHEV tāku. Kua whakamahia e au te āhuatanga utu tere DC i ētahi wā, hei whakamātautau noa iho ina he utu kore utu tāku. Ae, ka taea e ia te utu i te pākahiko ki te 80% i roto i te 20 meneti, engari me hoatu he tawhiti mō te EV tata ki te 20 kiromita.
He maha ngā utu hiko tere DC he utu pūmau, nō reira, tata ki te 100 ngā wā ka nui ake tō pire hiko noa mō te 20 kiromita, he nui ake tēnei i te mea me taraiwa koe me te penehīni anake. Kāore hoki te utu hiko ia meneti i te pai ake, nā te mea he iti noa ki te 22 kW.
He pai ki ahau taku Outlander nā te mea ka taea e te aratau EV te hipoki i taku haerenga katoa, engari he rite tonu te whai huatanga o te āhuatanga utu tere DC ki te uma tuatoru o te tāne.
Me noho tonu te hononga CHAdeMO ki ngā rau katoa (rau?), engari kaua e whakamahi i ngā Outlanders.
Ka hokona hoki e Tesla ngā urutau e āhei ai a Tesla ki te whakamahi i te J1772 (ko te tikanga) me te CHAdeMO (he mea miharo ake). I te mutunga ka mutu te urutau CHAdeMO, ka whakaurua te urutau CCS…engari mō ētahi waka anake, i ētahi mākete. Ko te urutau e hiahiatia ana hei utu i ngā Tesla US mai i te rihi CCS Momo 1 me te putanga Tesla Supercharger motuhake, e kitea ana kei Korea anake te hoko (!) ā, ka mahi anake i runga i ngā motuka hou. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=584HfILW38Q
Kua kī a American Power me Nissan ka whakakorea atu a Chademo, ka whakamahia a CCS. Ko te Nissan Arya hou ko te CCS, ā, ka mutu te hanga o te Leaf i ngā wā tata nei.
Kua hangaia e te tohunga hiko Tatimana, a Muxsan, he tāpiri CCS mō te Nissan LEAF hei whakakapi i te tauranga AC. Mā tēnei ka taea te utu i te Momo AC 2 me te CCS2 DC me te pupuri tonu i te tauranga CHAdeMo.
E mōhio ana ahau ki te 123, 386 me te 356, engari kāore au i titiro. Āe, kua hē taku whakaaro ki ngā mea whakamutunga e rua, nō reira me tirotiro.
Āe, ina koa ka whakaarohia kei roto i te horopaki te hononga…engari i pāwhiritia e au, ā, ki taku whakaaro koinei te mea, engari kāore te tau e homai ana i tētahi tohu ki ahau.
I uru mai te hononga CCS2/Momo 2 ki te US hei paerewa J3068. Ko te whakamahinga i whakaarohia mō ngā waka taumaha, nā te mea he tere ake te tere o te hiko 3-wāhanga. E tohu ana a J3068 i te ngaohiko teitei ake i te Momo2, nā te mea ka taea e ia te eke ki te 600V wāhanga-ki-wāhanga. He rite tonu te utu DC ki te CCS2. Ko ngā ngaohiko me ngā iahiko e neke ake ana i ngā paerewa Momo2 me whai tohu mamati kia taea ai e te waka me te EVSE te whakatau i te hototahitanga. I te iahiko pea o te 160A, ka taea e te J3068 te eke ki te 166kW o te mana AC.
"I te US, ka whakamahia e Tesla tana ake paerewa tauranga utu. Ka taea te tautoko i te utu AC kotahi-wāhanga me te utu toru-wāhanga"
He wāhanga kotahi anake. He mono-ake J1772 tēnei i roto i tētahi tahora rerekē me te mahi DC tāpiri.
Ka taea e te J1772 (momo CCS 1) te tautoko i te DC, engari kāore anō au kia kite i tētahi mea e whakatinana ana i tēnei. Ko te uara o te kawa "kuware" j1772 ko "Digital Mode Required" ā, ko te tikanga o te "Momo 1 DC" ko te DC i runga i ngā pine L1/L2. "Me whai pine tāpiri te Momo 2 DC" mō te hononga whakakotahi.
Kāore ngā hononga Tesla o Amerika e tautoko i te AC toru-wāhanga. E whakapoauau ana ngā kaituhi i ngā hononga o Amerika me Ūropi, engari e tautoko ana te mea whakamutunga (e mōhiotia ana ko te Momo CCS 2).
Mō tētahi kaupapa e pā ana: E whakaaetia ana ngā waka hiko kia rere i te rori me te kore e utu i te taake rori? Mena koinā, he aha ai? Ki te whakaaro he utopia taiao (kāore rawa e taea te pupuri) kei reira neke atu i te 90% o ngā waka katoa he hiko, nō hea te taake hei pupuri i te rori? Ka taea e koe te tāpiri atu ki te utu o te utu tūmatanui, engari ka taea hoki e te tangata te whakamahi i ngā panera rā i te kāinga, i ngā miihini whakaputa hinu 'ahuwhenua' rānei (kāore he taake rori).
Kei te mana whakahaere te katoa. Ko ētahi wāhi he taake wahie anake te utu. Ko ētahi he utu rēhita waka hei utu tāpiri mō te wahie.
Ā tōna wā, me whakarerekē ētahi o ngā huarahi e whakahokia mai ai ēnei utu. E hiahia ana ahau kia kite i tētahi pūnaha tika e ahu mai ana ngā utu i runga i te maero me te taumaha o te waka, nā te mea koia te mea e whakatau ana i te nui o te pakaru me te haehae ka pā ki te rori. Tērā pea he pai ake te taake waro mō te wahie mō te papa tākaro.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-21-2022
