Nā Finn Peacock – Kaihanga Hiko Whaimana, rangatira o mua o CSIRO, EV, kaiwhakaū o SolarQuotes.com.au
Ahakoa kei te whakaaro koe ki te hoko i tētahi EV, kei te tatari kia tukuna mai, kei te taraiwa rānei i tētahi EV, he mea nui te mōhio ki te utu (me te pēhea hoki) o te mana pupuri.
I roto i tēnei aratohu, ka matapakihia e au te mana (kW) me te pūngao (kWh). He mea nui te mōhio ki te rerekētanga! Ka whakaranua tonutia ēnei e te tangata – tae atu ki ngā kaimahi hiko e tika ana kia mōhio ake.
E 10 kiromita te tawhiti o te waka penehīni mai i te 1 rita wahie. E 6 kiromita te tawhiti o te waka hiko mai i te 1 kWh o te hiko.
Mō te motuka penehīni, e hiahia ana koe ki te 10 rita wahie hei haere i te 100 kiromita. Mō te utu tino iti o te $1.40 mō ia rita wahie, 10 x $1.40 = $14 mō te 100 kiromita.
Kia mōhio: Neke atu i te $2 te utu mō te penehīni i te wā e tuhituhi ana ahau – engari ka piri tonu ahau ki te $1.40 hei whakaatu he iti ake te utu o ngā waka hiko, ahakoa kāore te kaitukino o Rūhia i whakanui rawa i ngā utu wahie.
I roto i tētahi waka hiko, e hiahiatia ana te 16 kWh o te hiko hei haere i te 100 kiromita. Mena he 21 hēneti te utu a tō kaihoko hiko mō ia kWh, ko te utu he 16 x $0.21 = $3.36.
He iti ake te utu o te taraiwa i ngā waka hiko mēnā ka whakaarohia e koe te utu mai i ngā panera rā, te utu rānei i ngā utu kore-pīki i runga i ngā utu wā-o-te-whakamahinga (ToU). Me whakahaere ētahi tau hei whakaatu:
Mena he 21c tāu pire hiko, ā, he 8c te utu whāngai hiko o te rā, ko te utu kupenga mō te utu i te waka ki te pūngao o te rā he 8c. He 13c te iti iho i te utu mō ia kWh i te utu i tētahi waka hiko mai i te whatunga hiko.
He rerekē ngā utu hiko e tukuna ana e ngā taripa wā-whakamahinga, i runga i te wā o te rā ka whiwhi koe i te whatunga hiko.
Whakatauritea ngā utu hiko rerekē o Aurora Energy Tasmania i ngā wā rerekē o te rā:
Ki te whakatakoto koe i tō rihi hiko EV kia rere noa i runga i tēnei kaupapa ToU me Aurora mai i te 10 i te ata ki te 4 i te ahiahi, ko te tawhiti 100km ka utua e koe he 16 x $0.15 = $2.40.
Ko te heke mai o te mahere hiko o Ahitereiria ko ngā utu wā-whakamahinga, ko te hiko iti rawa i te awatea (he nui te hiko o te rā) me te pō (he nui te hau me te iti o te tono).
I Te Tonga o Ahitereiria, ka utua koe he 7.5 hēneti noa iho mō ia kilowatt-haora o te rā i te wā e whakamahia ana he "hautai rā".
Ka tukuna anō hoki e ētahi kaihokohoko he utu motuhake mō ia EV, ka taea e koe te utu i tētahi utu iti iho mō ia kWh hei utu i tō EV i ētahi wā, he utu pūmau rānei mō ia rā mō te utu mutunga kore.
Kotahi te mea whakamutunga – kia tūpato ki ngā "taake tono". Ka iti ake te pire hiko katoa e utua ana e ēnei mahere hiko, engari ka raru pea koe mēnā ka nui ake tō whakapaunga hiko i tētahi paepae. Mā te utu i tō EV ki tētahi rihi hiko 3-wāhanga 22 kW ka 10 ngā wā ka nui ake tō pire hiko paerewa!
He tino māmā noa te taputapu utu hiko taketake. Ko tāna mahi he "pātai" ki te motuka mēnā ka taea e ia te tango utu, ā, mēnā ka taea, me tuku haumaru te hiko ki te waka kia kīia rā anō kia mutu.
Kāore e taea e te rihi hiko te whakakaha i te motuka kia tere ake i te mea e tonoa ana e te motuka (he mea morearea tēnei), engari ki te whai whakaaro koe, ka taea e ia te whakatau kia whakaroahia te utu, kia hāngai rānei ki ētahi atu āhuatanga – hei tauira:
He AC anō hoki ngā rihi hiko kāinga. Ko te tikanga kāore i tino motuhake te mahi a ēnei rihi. Ka whakahaere noa i ngā kilowatt o te 230V AC e haere ana ki roto i te motuka.
Ina hoki, ehara te pouaka hiko ka taea e koe te hoko hei utu i tō waka i te rihi hiko. Nā te mea ko tāna mahi he whakarato i te hiko AC kua whakaritea. I roto i te tikanga, kei roto i te waka te rihi hiko tuturu, e huri ana i te AC ki te DC me te tiaki i ngā mahi utu katoa.
He rohenga mana pakari tō tēnei rihi hiko EV i runga i tōna whakawhiti AC-DC. 11 kilowatts te rohenga mana mō te maha o ngā waka hiko – pērā i te Tesla Model 3 me te Mini Cooper SE.
Whakaae a te tangata porangi: Me kī atu ahau ko te taputapu ka monohia e koe ki tō waka he EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). Engari ka pōhēhē te nuinga o te hunga noa, nō reira, me te tūpono ka whiwhi īmēra riri mai i tētahi miihini kua reti, ka kī atu ahau i ēnei taputapu he "charger".
Ko ngā rihi EV tūmatanui tere-nui motuhake he rihi anō e whāngai tika ana i te hiko DC ki roto i te pākahiko. Kāore e herea ana e te rihi waka nā te mea kāore e whakamahia ana.
Ki te taea e tō waka te whakahaere, ka taea e ēnei kaitākaro kino te utu me te 350 kW o te DC. Kia mahara me āta haere rātou ina tae tō pākahiko ki te 70%. Heoi anō, ka taea e rātou te tāpiri i te 350 kiromita o te tawhiti i roto i te 10 meneti noa iho.
Kua whakamahia e te umanga ngā kupu hei whakaahua i te utu puhoi, waenga me te utu tere. He mea hoha, ka kiia ko te Taumata 1, Taumata 2, me te Taumata 3.
He taura me te pereki hiko noa iho te rihi taumata 1 e hono ana ki tētahi pūhiko hiko paerewa. Ka utua i te 1.8 ki te 2.4 kW mai i tētahi pūhiko whare paerewa.
Tohutohu ngaio: Ki te kore e whakaratohia e tō kaihanga waka he hononga pūkoro mō tō waka, me hoko e koe tētahi ka waiho ki roto i te pūtu – ka taea e ia te penapena i te nui o te kai ahakoa kāore koe e whakamahi i te kāinga.
Hei whakamārama i te tikanga o te reiti utu Taumata 1 o te 1.8 kW – ka tāpirihia e ia te 1.8 kWh ia hāora ki te pākahiko o tō waka.
Ko te 1 kWh o te mana i roto i te pākahiko EV he rite ki te 6 kiromita o te tawhiti. Nō reira, ka taea e te rihi taumata 1 te whakarato i te tawhiti o te 10 kiromita ia hāora. Ki te utu koe i te motuka i te pō (tata ki te 8 hāora), ka tāpirihia e koe te tawhiti o te 80 kiromita.
Engari ka taea e te taumata 1 te utu i te tere teitei ake. Kei te kaihanga, tera pea he mono ka taea te whakawhiti i tō pūrere.
He mono 10A noa ngā rihi EV kawe katoa, he rite tonu ki ngā taputapu katoa o tō whare, engari ko ētahi he mono 15A ka taea te whakawhiti. He whānui ake te pūtake whenua o tēnei, ā, me whai putanga motuhake hei pupuri i ngā waea matotoru ake i te 15A. Mena he kāwara tōu, kua mōhio pea koe ki ēnei.
He "hiku" 15A tō ētahi rihi waea pūkoro. Koinei ngā pito hiku 10A me te 15A e haere tahi mai ana me te rihi waea pūkoro Tesla i Ahitereiria.
Mena he 15A te kaha o tō rihi hiko kawe, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te utu i te kāinga, me whai putanga 15A koe i tō wāhi waka. Me utu e koe te $500 mō tēnei tāutanga.
He Kōrero Poto: Ki te teitei te ngaohiko o tō whatunga ā-rohe (me 230V, engari ko te tikanga 240V+), ka nui ake te mana nā te mea ko te mana = iahiko x iahiko.
He mea whakamīharo anō: I runga i te kaihanga, ko te tikanga he 80% noa iho o te iahiko kua whakatauria mō ngā rihi waea pūkoro. Nō reira, ko te rihi 10A ka oma noa i te 8A, ā, ko te taputapu 15A ka oma noa i te 12A. Nā te piki me te heke o te ngaohiko whatunga, ko te tikanga kāore e taea e au te whakarato i te tere utu tika mō te hononga waea pūkoro.
He Kōrero mō te Tangata Pūkenga Tesla: Ka taea e ngā rihi waea pūkoro Tesla i kawemai i muri i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2021 te utu i te 10A, i te 15A rānei, i runga i te hiku i whakamahia.
Tohutohu ngaio: Mena he Tesla hou tāu, ā, he waimarie kei a koe he putanga hiko e toru-wāhanga i roto i te karāti, ka taea e koe te hoko i tētahi putanga hiko tuatoru ka taea te utu mai i te 4.8 ki te 7kW (20 ki te 32A) mā te whakamahi i tētahi hononga pūkoro.
Tere Utu: Tata ki te 40 km/h (wāhanga-kotahi) tae atu ki te 130 km/h (wāhanga-toru)
Ko te utunga Taumata 2 me whai rihi pakitara motuhake me ōna ake waea motuhake ki tō whiri hiko.
Ko te utu mō ngā rihi Taumata 2 he $900 ki te $2500 mō ngā taputapu, ā, tata ki te $500 ki te neke atu i te $1000 te tāutanga. E whakaaro ana hoki tēnei utu ka taea e tō whiri hiko me ngā pūtake te whakahaere i te kawenga tāpiri. Ki te kore e taea, ka taea e rātou te utu i ngā mano tāra mō te whakapai ake i tō puna hiko.
Ka taea e te rihini kotahi-wāhanga 7 kW Taumata 2 te tāpiri i te tawhiti tata ki te 40 kiromita ia hāora. Mena ka taea e tō waka te whakahaere, ka taea e te rihini EV toru-wāhanga 22 kW te tāpiri i te tawhiti tata ki te 130 kiromita ia hāora.
He Mea Tūturu: Ahakoa ka taea e ngā rihi hiko taumata-2, 3-wāhanga te whakaputa i te hiko tae atu ki te 22 kW, he maha ngā waka kāore e taea te huri tere i te hiko AC. Tirohia ngā āhuatanga o tō waka kia kite i tōna tere utu AC mōrahi.
He DC katoa tēnei rihi hiko, ā, he putanga mai i te 50 kW ki te 350 kW. Neke atu i te $100,000 te utu tāutanga, ā, he nui te pūtake hiko e hiahiatia ana, nō reira, kāore pea koe e tāuta i tētahi i roto i tō whare.
Ko te whatunga Supercharger a Tesla te tauira rongonui o te rihi Taumata 3. Ko te kaha mōrahi o te rihi "V2" tino noa he 120 kW, ā, ko te whānuitanga tere o te 180 kiromita i roto i te 15 meneti.
Mā te whatunga teihana Supercharger a Tesla ka whai painga whakataetae rātou ki ētahi atu kaihanga EV nā tō rātou tūnga i ngā huarahi haere rongonui, te pono/te wā mahi, me te nui o te rahinga ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu rihi Taumata 3.
Heoi, i te mea ka nui haere te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko, e tika ana kia puta ake ētahi atu whatunga whakataetae puta noa i te motu, ā, ka pai ake te pono o aua whatunga.
He Mea Tūturu mō te Tangata Pūtaiao Tesla: Ko ngā Pūkaha Utauta Tesla "V2" whero me te mā o Ahitereiria he pūkaha utu tere DC, e 40-100 kW te nuinga o te wā e utu ana, i runga i te maha o ngā waka e whakamahi ana i a rātou i te wā kotahi. Ka taea e ētahi pūkaha utu 'V3' kua whakapai ake i Ahitereiria te utu tae atu ki te 250 kW.
Tohutohu ngaio: Kia tūpato ki ngā rihi hau puhoi i ngā haerenga rori. Ko ētahi rihi taha rori he momo hau puhoi ake, ā, ka taea anake te utu mai i te 3 ki te 22 kW. Ka taea e ēnei te whakakī ake i te wā e tū ana koe, engari kāore i te tere rawaka hei utu ngāwari i a koe e haere ana.
Kei ngā waka hiko katoa e hokona ana i Ahitereiria mai i te 1 o Hānuere 2020 he putanga utu AC e kiia nei ko te 'Momo 2' (ko 'Mennekes' rānei i ētahi wā).
Wā tuku: Akuhata-02-2022
