I te tau 1970, i te tīmatanga o tana pukapuka rongonui "Economics", i tuhia e Paul Samuelson, te toa o te Tohu Nobel mō te Ōhanga, tētahi rerenga pēnei: ahakoa ka taea e ngā kākā te noho hei tohunga ōhanga, me whakaako tonu rātou i a rātou ki te "tuku" me te "Tono".
Ina hoki, ko te ao ōhanga, ko ngā ture o ngā mano tini ture, me ngā ture o te katoa. I ngā wā katoa, i ngā wāhi katoa, kei te whai wāhi ngā "whakataunga me ngā utu tuku me te tono". Nō nā tata nei, ko te pikinga o ngā utu hiko i roto i ngā pou utu i tino whakamārama i tēnei ture. I pā tika ki te ngākau o te taraiwa waka hiko, ā, i puta ai he pikitia o ngā rarangi o ngā pou utu e rarangi ana i roto i tētahi wā.
E ai ki te rangahau a te kairīpoata, i te awatea, tata kore he puranga utu iti iho i te 1 yuan ia kWh; i te ahiahi, ko te utu mō ngā puranga utu tere he tata ki te 1.4 yuan/tohu; i te tohu i runga ake nei; kua neke atu te utu mō ētahi puranga utu i te 2 yuan/tohu. E ai ki ngā pūrongo a te hunga pāpāho, i roto i ngā marama e ono kua pahure ake nei, kua tino piki ake ngā utu hiko mō ngā puranga utu i roto i ngā wāhi maha, iti iho i ētahi kokonga, ā, neke atu i te kotahi yuan. Ko te pikinga teitei rawa atu kua tata "ruarua" ki te whakataurite ki te o mua.
He aha te take e piki ake ai te utu hiko mō ngā pou utu?
Tuatahi, kua tino piki ake te hiahia mō te utu i ngā waka hiko hou. Nā ngā kaupapa here pai me te mākete pai kua kitea ngā kaipupuri o te waka hiko e te kanohi tahanga, ā, kua tino piki ake te hiahia whānui mō te utu. Ko te mea nui ake, i tēnei wā, kua whakatinanahia e ngā tāone maha ngā ariā whanaketanga hou, ā, kua whakatinanahia te whanaketanga matomato me te mohio. Kua āta tangohia ngā waka wahie tuku iho i te mākete tekesi me te motuka ipurangi. Kua āta puta ake ngā waka hiko hou ki te atamira o te kawe tangata o te tāone, ā, kua kaha ake. He tino aro nui ngā taraiwa o ēnei waka hiko hou ki ngā utu hiko, ā, e whakaaro ana rātou ki te wā me te wāhi hei utu i ia rā. Ina hiahiatia te utu i ngā waka whaiaro me ngā waka a te iwi, kua tino piki ake te hiahia utu, he mea mārama noa iho.
Tuarua, kei muri i te tipu o te tono te tipu o ngā pou utu. He takirua hua tautoko ngā waka hiko me ngā pou utu, he mea tino nui. He maha atu ngā waka hiko, ā, me nui ake te puranga utu. Heoi, he rerekē te āhua o ngā waka hiko me ngā pou utu, ā, kua roa te tuku o ngā pou utu, ā, kua piki ake te tono. He āhua tūmataiti ngā waka hiko. Ki te taea e koe te hoko, ka taea e koe te hoko, ā, ka taea e koe te hoko. He raruraru whakatau tūmataiti tēnei. He āhua tūmatanui te puranga utu. Ko wai ka haumi, ko wai ka hanga, kei hea te hanganga, e hia te utu, e hia ngā pou, ko wai ka whakahaere me te tiaki … Ko te hanga i tētahi puranga utu he mahi hangarau pūnaha, he pātai whakatau tūmatanui, ehara i te mea ka taea te hanga kia hanga, ā, ka taea e koe te hanga. Ahakoa kua tīmata ngā tāone maha ki te whakanui i te hanganga o ngā pou utu, ko te tuku o ngā pou utu me te āhua o ngā taonga tūmatanui kua tawhiti atu i te tono utu mō ngā waka hiko hou me te āhua o ngā taonga tūmataiti.
Tuatoru, nā ngā panonitanga o te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tuku me te tono utu i whakarerekē te hanganga o te utu utu. I te nuinga o te wā, e rua ngā wāhanga o te utu utu mō ngā pou utu tūmatanui: te utu ratonga me te pire hiko. I roto i ēnei, he auau noa ngā panonitanga o ngā pire hiko. Ka wehea ki ngā tihi, ki ngā wāhanga papatahi, me ngā awaawa 24 hāora ia rā, e rite ana ki ngā taumata rerekē o ngā utu hiko. Ka whakatikatikaina te utu ratonga i runga anō i ngā ture o ngā rohe rerekē, o ngā wā rerekē, me ngā umanga rerekē. I te wā kāore anō kia rongonui te waka hiko, ā, kua whakatūria te pou utu, he iti iho te tono utu i te tuku o ngā pou utu i tēnei wā. Hei kimi taraiwa ki te utu anō, ka whakaitihia e te kaiwhakahaere pou utu te utu ratonga, ā, ka kukume mai hoki i te taraiwa mā te whakahekenga utu, tae noa ki te pakanga utu. I te rongonui haere o ngā waka hiko me te āhua o te tuku o ngā pou utu, i roto i te poto, ka haere noa te kaiwhakahaere o te pou utu ki te mākete, kāore e whakahaere i ngā utu ratonga, ā, ka piki ake te utu utu. Ka kitea koinei te panonitanga o te whanaungatanga tuku me te tono o te mākete utu.
Mā te utu e kōrero, ā, māna e whakamārama te pūrākau o te whanaungatanga o te tono me te tuku o te puranga utu. Inaa, he whakaata te utu, i roto i ngā ahumahi katoa, i roto katoa i a ia.
Susie
Te Kamupene Pūtaiao me te Hangarau Kakariki o Sichuan
0086 19302815938
Wā tuku: Hanuere-07-2024
