I te tere o te tipu o te mākete waka hiko hou o Haina, kua piki haere te hiranga o te whakamahi i te hangarau Waka-ki-te-Whatunga (V2G) mō te hanganga o ngā rautaki hiko ā-motu me ngā whatunga atamai. Ka hurihia e te hangarau V2G ngā waka hiko hei wae rokiroki hiko pūkoro, ā, ka whakamahia he puranga utu-rua hei whakatutuki i te tuku hiko mai i te waka ki te whatunga. Mā tēnei hangarau, ka taea e ngā waka hiko te whakarato hiko ki te whatunga i ngā wā kawenga nui, me te utu i ngā wā kawenga iti, hei āwhina i te taurite o te kawenga i runga i te whatunga.
I te 4 o Hānuere, 2024, i whakaputa te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahou ā-Motu me ētahi atu tari i te tuhinga kaupapa here ā-rohe tuatahi e aro ana ki te hangarau V2G – "Ngā Whakaaro Whakatinanatanga mō te Whakapakari i te Whakaurunga me te Taunekeneke o ngā Waka Pūngao Hou me ngā Whatunga Hiko." I runga i te "Ngā Whakaaro Arataki mō te Hanga Anō i tētahi Pūnaha Hanganga Utu Kounga Teitei" i whakaputaina e te Tari Matua o te Kaunihera ā-Motu, kāore i te whakamārama noa ngā whakaaro whakatinanatanga i te whakamāramatanga o te hangarau taunekeneke whatunga waka, engari i whakatakotohia hoki ngā whāinga me ngā rautaki motuhake, ā, i whakamaheretia kia whakamahia i roto i te Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Sichuan me Chongqing me ētahi atu rohe kua pakeke ngā āhuatanga hei whakatū kaupapa whakaaturanga.
E whakaatu ana ngā kōrero o mua tata ki te 1,000 noa iho ngā pou utu me ngā mahi V2G i te motu, ā, e 3.98 miriona ngā pou utu i tēnei wā i te motu, ko te 0.025% noa iho o te tapeke o ngā pou utu o nāianei. Hei tāpiri, kua tino pakari te hangarau V2G mō te taunekeneke waka-whatunga, ā, ehara i te mea onge te whakamahinga me te rangahau o tēnei hangarau i te ao whānui. Nō reira, he nui ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake i te rongonui o te hangarau V2G i roto i ngā tāone nui.
Hei tāone iti-waro ā-motu, kei te whakatairanga a Beijing i te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou. Nā ngā waka pūngao hou nunui o te tāone me ngā hanganga utu kua whakatakoto i te turanga mō te whakamahinga o te hangarau V2G. Tae noa ki te mutunga o te tau 2022, kua hanga e te tāone neke atu i te 280,000 ngā pou utu me te 292 ngā teihana whakawhiti pākahiko.
Heoi, i roto i te tukanga whakatairanga me te whakatinanatanga, ka pāngia hoki te hangarau V2G e te maha o ngā wero, ko te nuinga e pā ana ki te whaihua o te mahi tuturu me te hanganga o ngā hanganga e pā ana. I te tango i a Beijing hei tauira, i whakahaerehia e ngā kairangahau mai i The Paper Research Institute tētahi rangahau mō ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki te pūngao o te tāone, te hiko me te pou utu.
He nui ngā utu haumitanga tuatahi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā puranga utu rua-ara
I ako ngā kairangahau mēnā ka rongonui te hangarau V2G i roto i ngā taiao tāone nui, tera pea ka whakaiti i te raruraru o nāianei o "ngā puranga utu uaua ki te kitea" i roto i ngā tāone nui. Kei te tīmatanga tonu o te whakamahi i te hangarau V2G a Haina. E ai ki te tangata e whakahaere ana i tētahi tipu hiko, i roto i te ariā, he rite te hangarau V2G ki te tuku i ngā waea pūkoro ki te utu i ngā pēke hiko, engari ko tana whakamahinga tūturu me whai whakahaere pākahiko matatau ake me te taunekeneke whatunga.
I rangahauhia e ngā kairangahau ngā kamupene pou utu i Beijing, ā, i kitea i tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā pou utu i Beijing he pou utu kotahi-ara e taea ai te utu i ngā waka anake. Hei whakatairanga i ngā pou utu rua-ara me ngā mahi V2G, kei te anga atu mātou ki ētahi wero mahi i tēnei wā:
Tuatahi, ko ngā tāone taumata tuatahi, pērā i a Beijing, kei te raru i te korenga o te whenua. Ko te hanga teihana utu hiko me ngā mahi V2G, ahakoa he riihi, he hoko whenua rānei, he haumitanga roa me ngā utu nui. Heoi anō, he uaua ki te kimi whenua tāpiri e wātea ana.
Tuarua, ka roa te wā ki te whakarerekē i ngā pou utu o nāianei. He nui te utu haumitanga mō te hanga pou utu, tae atu ki te utu o ngā taputapu, te wāhi reti me te waea hei hono atu ki te whatunga hiko. Ko te tikanga ka roa te 2-3 tau pea hei whakahoki mai i ēnei haumitanga. Mena ka ahu mai te whakahoutanga i ngā pou utu o nāianei, tera pea kāore e ranea ngā whakatenatena a ngā kamupene i mua i te whakahokinga mai o ngā utu.
I mua, i roto i ngā pūrongo pāpāho, e rua ngā wero nui ka pā ki te whakatairanga i te hangarau V2G i roto i ngā tāone nui: Ko te tuatahi ko te utu nui o te hanganga tuatahi. Tuarua, ki te kore e honoa te hiko o ngā waka hiko ki te whatunga hiko, ka pā pea ki te pumau o te whatunga hiko.
He pai te tirohanga whakamua mō te hangarau, ā, he nui te pūmanawa mō te wā roa.
He aha te tikanga o te whakamahinga o te hangarau V2G ki ngā kaipupuri waka? E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau e tika ana ko te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā terema iti he tata ki te 6km/kWh (arā, ka taea e te kotahi kilowatt-haora o te hiko te oma i te 6 kiromita). Ko te kaha o te pākahiko o ngā waka hiko iti he 60-80kWh (60-80 kilowatt-haora o te hiko), ā, ka taea e te waka hiko te utu i te 80 kilowatt-haora o te hiko. Heoi, kei roto hoki i te whakamahinga pūngao o te waka te hauhautanga, me ētahi atu. Ki te whakatauritea ki te āhua pai, ka whakaitihia te tawhiti taraiwa.
Kei te tino tumanako te kaiwhakahaere o te kamupene puranga utu kua whakahuatia ake nei mō te hangarau V2G. I tohu ia ka taea e tētahi waka hiko hou te penapena i te 80 kilowatt-haora o te hiko ina utua katoatia, ā, ka taea hoki te tuku i te 50 kilowatt-haora o te hiko ki te whatunga hiko i ia wā. I tatauhia i runga i ngā utu utu hiko i kitea e ngā kairangahau i te papa waka o raro o tētahi toa hokohoko i te East Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, ko te utu utu i ngā wā kore-pīki he 1.1 yuan/kWh (he iti ake ngā utu utu i ngā tāone iti), ā, ko te utu utu i ngā wā pīki he 2.1 yuan/kWh. Ki te whakaaro ka utu te rangatira waka i ngā wā kore-pīki i ia rā, ā, ka tukuna te hiko ki te whatunga hiko i ngā wā pīki, i runga i ngā utu o nāianei, ka taea e te rangatira waka te whiwhi hua o te 50 yuan ia rā. "Me ngā whakarerekētanga utu pea mai i te whatunga hiko, pērā i te whakatinanatanga o te utu mākete i ngā wā pīki, tera pea ka piki ake te moni whiwhi mai i ngā waka e tuku hiko ana ki ngā puranga utu."
I kī te kaiwhakahaere o te tipu hiko kua whakahuatia ake nei, mā te hangarau V2G, me whai whakaaro ki ngā utu ngaronga pākahiko ina tukuna te hiko e ngā waka hiko ki te whatunga hiko. E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo e pā ana ko te utu o te pākahiko 60kWh tata ki te US$7,680 (he rite ki te RMB 55,000).
Mō ngā kamupene pou utu, i te mea kei te piki haere tonu te maha o ngā waka hiko hou, ka piki ake hoki te hiahia o te mākete mō te hangarau V2G. Ina tukuna te hiko e ngā waka hiko ki te whatunga mā roto i ngā pou utu, ka taea e ngā kamupene pou utu te utu i tētahi "utu ratonga tūāpapa". Hei tāpiri, i roto i te maha o ngā tāone i Haina, ka haumi, ka whakahaere hoki ngā kamupene i ngā pou utu, ā, ka whakaratohia e te kāwanatanga he tahua tautoko e rite ana.
Kei te whakatairanga haere ngā tāone o roto i ngā tono V2G. I te marama o Hūrae 2023, i whakamanahia te whakamahinga o te teihana whakaatu utu V2G tuatahi o te Tāone o Zhoushan, ā, i oti pai te ota tauwhitinga tuatahi i roto i te pāka i te Porowini o Zhejiang. I te 9 o Hānuere 2024, i panuitia e te NIO kua whakamanahia te whakahaere o tana puranga tuatahi o ngā teihana utu V2G tekau i Shanghai.
E tino harikoa ana a Cui Dongshu, te hēkeretari-tuara o te National Passenger Market Information Joint Association, mō te kaha o te hangarau V2G. I kī atu ia ki ngā kairangahau, mā te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko hiko, ka taea te whakanui ake i te roa o te huringa o te pākahiko ki te 3,000 ngā wā, he rite ki te 10 tau te whakamahinga. He mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā āhuatanga tono e utua ana, e tukuna ana hoki ngā waka hiko.
Kua kitea anō hoki ngā kitenga ōrite e ngā kairangahau o tāwāhi. Nō nā tata nei i oti i te ACT o Ahitereiria tētahi kaupapa rangahau hangarau V2G e rua tau te roa, ko "Realizing Electric Vehicles to Grid Services (REVS)". E whakaatu ana tēnei, me te whanaketanga nui o te hangarau, e tika ana kia tino heke ngā utu utu V2G. Ko te tikanga tēnei, i te wā roa, i te hekenga o te utu o ngā whare utu, ka heke anō hoki te utu o ngā waka hiko, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakamahinga mō te wā roa. Tērā pea he tino whai hua ngā kitenga mō te whakataurite i te whakaurunga o te pūngao whakahou ki te whatunga hiko i ngā wā tino pīrahi o te hiko.
E hiahiatia ana te mahi tahi a te whatunga hiko me tētahi otinga e aro ana ki te mākete.
I te taumata hangarau, mā te tukanga e tukuna ana e ngā waka hiko ki te whatunga hiko ka nui ake te uaua o te mahi whānui.
I kī a Xi Guofu, te kaiwhakahaere o te Tari Whakawhanake Ahumahi o te Kāwanatanga Grid o Haina, ko te utu i ngā waka hiko hou he "kawenga nui me te hiko iti". Ko te nuinga o ngā kaipupuri waka hiko hou kua taunga ki te utu i waenga i te 19:00 me te 23:00, e rite ana ki te wā tino nui o te kawenga hiko kāinga. Tae atu ki te 85%, e whakanui ana i te kawenga hiko tino nui, ā, he nui ake te pānga ki te whatunga tohatoha.
Mai i te tirohanga mahi, ina tukuna e ngā waka hiko te pūngao hiko ki te whatunga hiko, me whakamahi he whakawhiti hiko hei whakarite i te hototahitanga ki te whatunga hiko. Ko te tikanga me taurite te tukanga tukunga waka hiko ki te hangarau whakawhiti hiko o te whatunga hiko. Ina koa, ko te tuku hiko mai i te puranga utu ki te tereina e uru ana ki te tuku hiko mai i te ngaohiko teitei ki te ngaohiko iti iho, ko te tuku hiko mai i te tereina ki te puranga utu (ā, ki te whatunga hiko) me piki ake mai i te ngaohiko iti ki te ngaohiko teitei ake. I roto i te hangarau he uaua ake, e uru ana ki te hurihanga ngaohiko me te whakarite i te pumau o te pūngao hiko me te tutuki i ngā paerewa whatunga.
I kī te kaiwhakahaere o te tipu hiko kua whakahuatia ake nei, me whakahaere e te whatunga hiko te whakahaere pūngao tika mō ngā tukanga utu me te tukunga o ngā waka hiko maha, ehara i te mea he wero hangarau anake, engari me uru hoki ki te whakarerekētanga o te rautaki whakahaere whatunga.
I mea ia: "Hei tauira, i ētahi wāhi, kāore ngā waea hiko o nāianei i te matotoru hei tautoko i te maha o ngā pou utu. He rite tonu tēnei ki te pūnaha paipa wai. Kāore e taea e te paipa matua te tuku wai ki ngā paipa peka katoa, ā, me hono anō te waea. He nui ngā waea e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei. He nui ngā utu hanga." Ahakoa kua tāutahia ngā pou utu ki tētahi wāhi, kāore pea e mahi tika nā ngā raruraru o te kaha o te whatunga hiko.
Me whakatairanga ake ngā mahi urutau e rite ana. Hei tauira, ko te kaha o ngā pou utu puhoi he 7 kilowatts (7KW), ko te kaha katoa o ngā taputapu whare i roto i te whare toharite he 3 kilowatts (3KW). Mena ka honoa tētahi, e rua rānei ngā pou utu, ka taea te uta katoa i te kawenga, ā, ahakoa ka whakamahia te hiko i ngā hāora kore-pīki, ka taea te hanga i te whatunga hiko kia pumau ake. Heoi, ki te honoa he maha o ngā pou utu, ā, ka whakamahia te hiko i ngā wā pīki, ka nui ake pea te kaha kawenga o te whatunga.
I kī te kaiwhakahaere o te tipu hiko kua whakahuatia ake nei, i raro i te tirohanga o te kaha tohatoha, ka taea te tūhura i te hokohoko hiko hei whakaoti rapanga o te whakatairanga i te utu me te tuku i ngā waka hiko hou ki te whatunga hiko a meake nei. I tēnei wā, ka hokona te kaha hiko e ngā kamupene whakaputa hiko ki ngā kamupene whatunga hiko, ā, ka tohatoha atu ki ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā umanga. Ka piki ake te utu tuku hiko katoa mā te tohatoha maha-taumata. Mena ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā pakihi te hoko hiko tika mai i ngā kamupene whakaputa hiko, ka māmā ake te mekameka tuku hiko. "Ka taea e te hoko tika te whakaiti i ngā hononga waenga, ā, ka whakaiti i te utu whakahaere o te hiko. Tērā pea ka whakatairanga i ngā kamupene puranga utu kia kaha ake te whai wāhi atu ki te tuku hiko me te whakahaere i te whatunga hiko, he mea nui ki te whakahaere pai o te mākete hiko me te whakatairanga i te hangarau hononga whatunga waka-waka."
I kī a Qin Jianze, te kaiwhakahaere o te Energy Service Center (Load Control Center) o te State Grid Smart Internet of Vehicles Technology Co., Ltd., mā te whakamahi i ngā mahi me ngā painga o te tūāpapa Ipurangi o ngā Waka, ka taea te hono i ngā puranga utu rawa pāpori ki te tūāpapa Ipurangi o ngā Waka hei whakahaere i ngā mahi a ngā kaiwhakahaere pāpori. Hangaia te paepae, whakaitihia ngā utu haumi, whakatutuki i te mahi tahi toa-toa me te tūāpapa Ipurangi o ngā Waka, me te hanga i tētahi pūnaha ahumahi pumau.
Susie
Te Kamupene Pūtaiao me te Hangarau Kakariki o Sichuan
0086 19302815938
Te wā tuku: 10-Pepuere-2024
