I te whānui haere o te mākete waka hiko (EV) puta noa i te ao, ka nui haere te hiahia mō ngā hanganga utu paerewa me te whai hua. Kua tangohia e ngā rohe rerekē ngā paerewa rerekē hei whakatutuki i ā rātou tono hiko motuhake, ngā taiao ture, me ngā āheinga hangarau. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tātaritanga whānui o ngā paerewa utu EV matua puta noa i te United States, Europe, Haina, Hapani, me te pūnaha motuhake a Tesla, e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaritenga paerewa o te ngaohiko me te iahiko, ngā pānga mō ngā teihana utu, me ngā rautaki whai hua mō te whakawhanaketanga hanganga.
Te Hononga o Amerika: SAE J1772 me CCS
I te Hononga o Amerika, ko ngā paerewa utu EV e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te SAE J1772 mō te utu AC me te Pūnaha Utu Whakakotahi (CCS) mō te utu AC me te utu DC. Ko te paerewa SAE J1772, e mōhiotia ana ko te mono J, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te utu AC Taumata 1 me te Taumata 2. Ka mahi te utu Taumata 1 i te 120 volts (V) tae atu ki te 16 amperes (A), e whakarato ana i te putanga mana tae atu ki te 1.92 kilowatts (kW). Ka mahi te utu Taumata 2 i te 240V tae atu ki te 80A, e tuku ana i te putanga mana tae atu ki te 19.2 kW.
E tautoko ana te paerewa CCS i te utu tere DC kaha teitei ake, me ngā utu DC noa i te US e tuku ana i waenga i te 50 kW me te 350 kW i te 200 ki te 1000 volts tae atu ki te 500A. Mā tēnei paerewa ka taea te utu tere, he mea pai mō te haere tawhiti me ngā tono arumoni.
Ngā Whakaritenga Hanganga:
Ngā Utu Tāutanga: He iti te utu tāutanga o ngā rihi hiko AC (Taumata 1 me te Taumata 2), ā, ka taea te whakauru ki ngā whare noho me ngā whare arumoni me ngā pūnaha hiko o nāianei.
Te Wātea o te Mana:Ngā utu tere DCme whakahou ake ngā hanganga hiko, tae atu ki ngā hononga hiko kaha-teitei me ngā pūnaha whakamatao pakari hei whakahaere i te mararatanga wera.
Te Whakatutukitanga i ngā Ture: He mea nui te piri ki ngā ture hanga whare ā-rohe me ngā paerewa haumaru mō te whakatūnga haumaru o ngā teihana utu.
Ūropi: Momo 2 me te CCS
Ko te hononga Momo 2, e mōhiotia ana ko te hononga Mennekes, e whakamahia ana e Ūropi mō te utu hiko AC me te CCS mō te utu hiko DC. Kua hangaia te hononga Momo 2 mō te utu hiko AC kotahi-wāhanga me te utu hiko toru-wāhanga. Ka mahi te utu hiko kotahi-wāhanga i te 230V tae atu ki te 32A, e whakarato ana i te 7.4 kW. Ka taea e te utu hiko toru-wāhanga te tuku i te 43 kW i te 400V me te 63A.
Ko te CCS i Ūropi, e mōhiotia ana ko CCS2, e tautoko ana i te utunga AC me te utunga DC.Ngā utu tere DCi Ūropi, ko te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 50 kW ki te 350 kW, e whakahaerehia ana i ngā ngaohiko i waenga i te 200V me te 1000V me ngā iahiko tae atu ki te 500A.
Ngā Whakaritenga Hanganga:
Ngā Utu Tāutanga: He tino māmā te tāuta i ngā rihi Momo 2, ā, he hototahi ki te nuinga o ngā pūnaha hiko noho me te arumoni.
Te Wātea o te Mana: Ko te nui o te hiahia mō ngā rihi tere DC e hiahia ana kia nui ngā haumitanga ki ngā hanganga, tae atu ki ngā raina ngaohiko teitei motuhake me ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera matatau.
Te Whakatutukitanga i ngā Ture: Mā te whakatutukitanga i ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi tahi a te EU ka whānuitia te whakamahinga me te pono o ngā teihana utu EV.
Haina: Paerewa GB/T
Ka whakamahia e Haina te paerewa GB/T mō te utu hiko AC me te DC. Ka whakamahia te paerewa GB/T 20234.2 mō te utu hiko AC, me te utu hiko kotahi-wāhanga e whakahaerehia ana i te 220V tae atu ki te 32A, e tuku ana ki te 7.04 kW. Ka whakahaerehia te utu hiko toru-wāhanga i te 380V tae atu ki te 63A, e whakarato ana ki te 43.8 kW.
Mō te utu tere DC, tePaerewa GB/T 20234.3E tautoko ana i ngā taumata mana mai i te 30 kW ki te 360 kW, me ngā ngaohiko whakahaere mai i te 200V ki te 1000V me ngā iahiko tae atu ki te 400A.
Ngā Whakaritenga Hanganga:
Ngā Utu Tāutanga: He iti te utu o ngā rihi AC e hangai ana ki te paerewa GB/T, ā, ka taea te whakauru ki ngā wāhi noho, ngā wāhi arumoni, me ngā wāhi tūmatanui kei a rātou ngā hanganga hiko o nāianei.
Te Wātea o te Mana: Me whakapai ake ngā hanganga hiko mō ngā rihi tere DC, tae atu ki ngā hononga kaha-nui me ngā pūnaha whakamatao whai hua hei whakahaere i te wera e puta ana i te wā e utu ana te mana-nui.
Te Whakatutuki i ngā Ture: He mea nui te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā ture haumaru o Haina mō te whakatūnga haumaru me te whai hua o ngā teihana utu EV.
Hapani: Paerewa CHAdeMO
Ko te paerewa CHAdeMO te mea matua e whakamahia ana e Hapani mō te utu tere DC. Ka tautoko a CHAdeMO i ngā putanga hiko mai i te 50 kW ki te 400 kW, me ngā ngaohiko whakahaere i waenga i te 200V me te 1000V me ngā iahiko tae atu ki te 400A. Mō te utu AC, ka whakamahia e Hapani te hononga Momo 1 (J1772), e mahi ana i te 100V, 200V rānei mō te utu kotahi-wāhanga, me ngā putanga hiko tae atu ki te 6 kW.
Ngā Whakaritenga Hanganga:
Ngā Utu Tāutanga: He māmā noa iho, he iti hoki te utu o ngā rihi AC e whakamahi ana i te hononga Momo 1 ki ngā wāhi noho me ngā wāhi arumoni.
Te Wātea o te Hiko: Ko ngā rihi tere DC e hangai ana ki te paerewa CHAdeMO e hiahia ana ki ngā haumitanga nui ki ngā hanganga hiko, tae atu ki ngā raina ngaohiko teitei motuhake me ngā pūnaha whakamatao matatau.
Te Whakatutukitanga i ngā Ture: He mea nui te piri ki ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi tahi a Hapani mō te whakahaere pono me te tiaki i ngā teihana utu EV.
Tesla: Whatunga Pūkaha Motuhake
Kei te whakamahi a Tesla i tētahi paerewa utu motuhake mō tana whatunga Supercharger, e tuku ana i te utu tere DC tere-teitei. Ka taea e ngā Tesla Supercharger te tuku tae atu ki te 250 kW, e mahi ana i te 480V me te 500A. Kei ngā waka Tesla i Ūropi ngā hononga CCS2, e āhei ai rātou ki te whakamahi i ngā utu tere CCS.
Ngā Whakaritenga Hanganga:
Ngā Utu Tāutanga: He nui ngā haumitanga hanganga mō ngā Supercharger a Tesla, tae atu ki ngā hononga hiko kaha-teitei me ngā pūnaha whakamatao matatau hei whakahaere i ngā putanga hiko teitei.
Te Wātea o te Hiko: Ko te nui o te hiahia mō te hiko o ngā Superchargers me whakapai ake i ngā hanganga hiko, ā, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia te mahi tahi me ngā kamupene ratonga.
Te Whakatutuki i ngā Ture: He mea nui te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā paerewa me ngā ture haumaru ā-rohe mō te whakahaere pono me te haumaru o te whatunga Supercharger a Tesla.
Ngā Rautaki Whai Hua mō te Whakawhanaketanga o te Teihana Utu
Te Whakamahere Tauwāhi Rautaki:
Ngā Rohe Tāone: Arotahi ki te tāuta i ngā rihi hauhautanga ki ngā wāhi noho, ki ngā wāhi arumoni, me ngā wāhi waka tūmatanui hei whakarato i ngā kōwhiringa utu ngāwari, puhoi hoki mō te whakamahinga o ia rā.
Ngā Huarahi Matua me ngā Ara Tawhiti: Whakatūria ngā utu tere DC i ngā wā auau i ngā huarahi matua me ngā ara tawhiti hei whakahaere i te utu tere mō ngā kaihaerere.
Ngā Pokapū Arumoni: Tāutahia ngā rihi tere DC kaha-teitei ki ngā pokapū arumoni, ngā pokapū whakahaere waka, me ngā wāhi putunga waka hei tautoko i ngā mahi EV arumoni.
Ngā Hononga Tūmataiti-Kāwanatanga:
Mahi tahi me ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, ngā kamupene ratonga, me ngā hinonga tūmataiti ki te putea me te whakatinana i ngā hanganga utu.
Whakatenatenahia ngā pakihi me ngā kaipupuri whenua ki te tāuta i ngā rihi EV mā te tuku whiwhinga tāke, ngā pūtea tautoko, me ngā tahua tautoko.
Te Whakapūmautanga me te Mahi Ngātahi:
Te whakatairanga i te whakaurunga o ngā paerewa utu whānui hei whakarite i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā tauira EV rerekē me ngā whatunga utu.
Whakatinanahia ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tuwhera hei whakauru maeneene i ngā whatunga utu maha, kia taea ai e ngā kaiwhakamahi te uru atu ki ngā kaiwhakarato utu maha mā te pūkete kotahi.
Te Whakaurunga Whatunga me te Whakahaere Pūngao:
Whakauruhia ngā teihana utu ki ngā hangarau whatunga atamai hei whakahaere i te tono me te tuku pūngao me te whai hua.
Whakatinanahia ngā otinga rokiroki pūngao, pērā i ngā pākahiko, ngā pūnaha waka-ki-whatunga rānei (V2G), hei whakataurite i te tono mō te wā pīka me te whakarei ake i te pumau o te whatunga hiko.
Wheako Kaiwhakamahi me te Wātea:
Me whakarite kia māmā te whakamahi i ngā teihana utu, kia mārama hoki ngā tohutohu, ā, kia māmā hoki ngā kōwhiringa utu.
Whakaratohia ngā mōhiohio wā-tūturu mō te wātea me te tūnga o te rihi mā roto i ngā taupānga pūkoro me ngā pūnaha whakatere.
Te Tiaki me te Whakapai Ake Auau:
Whakatūria ngā tikanga tiaki hei whakarite i te pono me te haumaru o ngā hanganga utu.
Whakamaherehia ngā whakapainga auau hei tautoko i ngā putanga hiko teitei ake me ngā whanaketanga hangarau hou.
Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā paerewa utu rerekē puta noa i ngā rohe rerekē e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō tētahi huarahi kua whakaritea mō te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga EV. Mā te mārama me te aro ki ngā whakaritenga ahurei o ia paerewa, ka taea e ngā kaipupuri hea te hanga i tētahi whatunga utu whānui me te pono e tautoko ana i te whakawhiti ā-ao ki te nekenekehanga hiko.
Whakapā mai ki a mātou:
Mō ngā kōrero whaiaro me ngā pātai e pā ana ki ā mātou otinga utu, whakapā atu ki a Lesley:
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Wā tuku: Mei-25-2024
