Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā puranga utu

Ko te kaha o ngā pou utu ka rerekē mai i te 1kW ki te 500kW. Ko te tikanga, ko ngā taumata kaha o ngā pou utu noa ko ngā pou kawe (AC) 3kW; Pouaka Pakitara (AC) 7/11kW, ngā pou pou AC whakahaere 22/43kW, me ngā pou hiko iahiko (DC) 20-350, 500kW rānei.

Ko te mana (mōrahi) o te puranga utu ko te mana mōrahi ka taea e ia te whakarato mō te pākahiko. Ko te raupaparorohiko ko te ngaohiko (V) x te iahiko (A), ā, ka whakareatia te toru-wāhanga ki te 3. Ko te 1.7/3.7kW e pā ana ki te pūtake hiko kotahi-wāhanga (110-120V, 230-240V rānei) me te iahiko mōrahi o te 16A, ko te 7kW/11kW/22kW e pā ana ki ngā puranga utu me te pūtake hiko kotahi-wāhanga o te 32A me te pūtake hiko toru-wāhanga o te 16/32A. He ngāwari noa te mārama ki te ngaohiko. Ko ngā paerewa ngaohiko o ngā whare i ngā whenua maha, me te iahiko ko ngā paerewa o ngā hanganga hiko o nāianei (ngā hononga, ngā taura, te inihua, ngā taputapu tohatoha hiko, me ētahi atu). He tino motuhake te mākete i Amerika Te Raki, inā koa te Hononga o Amerika. He maha ngā momo hononga i roto i ngā whare o Amerika (te āhua, te ngaohiko, me te iahiko o ngā hononga NEMA). Nō reira, he nui ake ngā taumata mana o ngā puranga utu AC i roto i ngā whare o Amerika, ā, kāore mātou e kōrero i konei.

Ko te kaha o te puranga hiko DC e whakawhirinaki ana ki te waeine hiko ā-roto (hononga whakarara ā-roto). I tēnei wā, he 25/30kW ngā waeine hiko i te ao whānui, nō reira he tauwehe te kaha o te puranga hiko DC o te kaha o ngā waeine hiko o runga ake nei. Heoi anō, e whakaarohia ana hoki he rite ki te kaha utu o ngā pākahiko waka hiko, nō reira he mea noa ngā puranga utu hiko DC 50/100/120kW i runga i te mākete.

He rerekē ngā whakarōpūtanga mō ngā taputapu utu waka hiko i roto i te Hononga o Amerika/Ūropi. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e te Hononga o Amerika te Taumata 1/2/3 hei whakarōpū; i waho o te Hononga o Amerika (Ūropi) ka whakamahia te Aratau 1/2/3/4 hei wehewehe.

Ko te Taumata 1/2/3 te mea nui hei wehewehe i te ngaohiko o te pūnga whakauru o te puranga utu. Ko te Taumata 1 e pā ana ki te puranga utu e whakakahangia tika ana e te mono whare o Amerika (wāhanga-kotahi) 120V, ā, ko te mana he 1.4kW ki te 1.9kW te nuinga; Ko te Taumata 2 e pā ana ki te puranga utu e whakakahangia ana e te mono whare o Amerika. He nui te mana o ngā puranga utu AC ngaohiko teitei 208/230V (Europe)/240V, 3kW-19.2kW; Ko te Taumata 3 e pā ana ki ngā puranga utu DC.

Ko te whakarōpūtanga o te Aratau 1/2/3/4 e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hononga i waenga i te puranga utu me te waka hiko.

Ko te tikanga o te Aratau 1 ko ngā waea e whakamahia ana hei utu i te motuka. Ko tētahi pito he mono noa e hono ana ki te putanga pakitara, ā, ko tētahi pito ko te mono utu i runga i te motuka. Kāore he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te motuka me te taputapu utu (kāore he taputapu, ko te taura utu me te mono anake). Inaianei he maha ngā whenua e aukatia ana te utu i ngā waka hiko i roto i te aratau Aratau 1.

Ko te Aratau 2 e pā ana ki tētahi puranga utu AC kawe me te tāutanga kore-pūmau me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero waka-ki-puranga, ā, he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero te tukanga utu o te puranga waka;

Ko te Aratau 3 e pā ana ki ētahi atu pou utu AC kua tāutahia kia mau (kua whakairihia ki te pakitara, kia poutū rānei) me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te waka me te pou;

Ko te Aratau 4 e pā ana ki ngā pou hiko DC kua tāutahia me te pūmau, ā, me whai hononga waka-ki-pou.